ADJUSTING IMAGE COLOR AND TONE IN PHOTOSHOP
Photoshop lets you correct color in a number of ways - so many ways that it can be confusing as to which approach to take. Should you use Color Balance, Variations, or Curves? Unless you understand the Photoshop philosophy, along with some basic color theory, it can be confusing and downright frustrating as to why there are so many color options.
I'm going to start with the philosophy and then look at all of the various color controls that Photoshop has to offer. By the time we're through you should have a good sense of the color correction options available for your digital images.
Adobe has created Photoshop with the basic idea that choice and variation in software design is a good thing. They don't give just one way to correct color; they deliver ten different correction options. Why have ten options when you only need one? The idea is twofold. First of all, there are many different kinds of Photoshop users. Some are very technical, with a complex understanding of color theory, while others are casual users who only own Photoshop because it was bundled with their $200 scanner. The strength and effectiveness of any program is in the way that it caters to the full spectrum of users, from remedial to expert. Photoshop shines in this regard, delivering as much or as little control as necessary to meet the needs of the user.
Adobe has created Photoshop with the basic idea that choice and variation in software design is a good thing. They don't give just one way to correct color; they deliver ten different correction options. Why have ten options when you only need one? The idea is twofold. First of all, there are many different kinds of Photoshop users. Some are very technical, with a complex understanding of color theory, while others are casual users who only own Photoshop because it was bundled with their $200 scanner. The strength and effectiveness of any program is in the way that it caters to the full spectrum of users, from remedial to expert. Photoshop shines in this regard, delivering as much or as little control as necessary to meet the needs of the user.
The second reason for so many controls is that the science of color involves a number of variables, which can be manipulated globally or within smaller subsets. Sometimes you just want to change one of these components with a more specialized tool rather than using a general-purpose tool for global corrections. For example, changing a slight color cast involves a different approach than tweaking the hue or saturation. In addition, making a global change in overall contrast would be very difficult if you had to change hue, saturation, or brightness independently. In short, each tool has its place, depending on the task at hand.
Most of the color controls in Photoshop are located in the Image menu, under the adjust submenu. I'll briefly describe them in the pages that follow.(Image>Adjust>Levels)
The Levels Control is another way to modify the color in an image. Like curves, Levels also lets you change the color across the tonal range, modifying a composite image or individual color channels. The dialog features a histogram method of displaying image data that is unique and sometimes useful. It shows the full range of tonal values, from light to dark, on a linear scale. A graph rises and falls across that scale, indicating the actual number of pixels in the image that have the corresponding value. Therefore, as a general rule you would want a nice rounded curve that is highest in the mid-tones, with good representation in the highlight and shadow ends of the spectrum.
The Levels control uses highlight, midpoint, and shadow slides, which shift the image values in the histogram, lightening or darkening the image. I find this three variable approach limiting compared to the unlimited number of points I can place and manipulate on a curve. On the other hand, until I became comfortable with color numbers, Levels was my main color control. It also allows you to set white and black points, and delivers decent results for basic to intermediate changes.
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